</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">Poussin</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;\">,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">1594<span lang=\"ZH-TW\">-</span>1665</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;\">)</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;\"><p></p></span></p><p><p><a href=\"http://i115.photobucket.com/albums/n284/Juca19861214/Juca/NicolasPoussinTheShepherdsofArcadia.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img title=\"dvubb\" alt=\"图片点击可在新窗口打开查看\" src=\"http://i115.photobucket.com/albums/n284/Juca19861214/Juca/NicolasPoussinTheShepherdsofArcadia.jpg\" border=\"0\" style=\"WIDTH: 500px;\"/></a></p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\';\">文藝復興中意大利的偉大,在于這場從此地朔源而上席卷整個歐洲的革命浪潮,波及并影響了后世整個歐洲乃至世界的藝術與文化的脈搏,羅馬也由此被尊為歐洲美術的中心。在</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\';\">17<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">世紀這片熾熱的藝術的麥加圣地,隨處可見來自各國虔誠\的古典主義藝術信徒,或徜徉駐足,或低頭沉思,或揮筆如神,無不忠實記錄下那個時代思想和藝術的光輝。在這其中,一位來自法國的青年畫家,便承載起了將這古典主義藝術法則傳承,傳播,捍衛和升華的使命。</span><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\';\">普桑</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\';\">1624<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">年來到羅馬,</span>1640<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">年被法國國王路易十三招回宮廷。這期間,正宗的古典藝術宗旨也由于這位偉大的古典主義者的努力,從意大利來到法國并扎根成長。這是那個時代的神話的一部分,也是巴黎成為近代史上世界藝術中心的,更早于拿破侖遠征的一塊奠基石。法國近代繪畫的發源以普桑作為第一人,是對普桑在羅馬的</span>16<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">年最好的詮釋和總結。</span><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\';\">“</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">普桑</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\';\">”意味著</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">嚴格遵循古典主義原則</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\';\">—<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">寫實,理性,卻又充斥著一種形而上的高尚和莊嚴,</span></span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">正如法國當代美術史家加利埃娜</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'MS Mincho\'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">‧</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">弗朗</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\';\">卡</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">斯泰爾所說<span style=\"COLOR: black;\">:</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">“</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">他崇拜自然,但他的全部方法卻是不自然的,他用不自然的方法使自然成為日常的靈感源泉。即使不直接對景寫生,他在散步時卻總是帶著畫夾,隨時記下過路人的動作姿態,或者勾幾筆偶爾見到的美景或廢墟。可是,這些人物或風景資料,他從不直接使用,他總是對這些資料進行加工,溶化到體系中去。同時,他又到田野裡拾取石子和土塊,拿到畫室裡面,以便能夠更準確地表現它們的形狀与色彩,並把一切模擬的逼真感和一切印象成分從作品中排除出去。對他來說,顯然有兩個都是理所當然的、基本的範疇:一是感覺,二是思想</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">”</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">。《阿卡迪亞的牧人》作為其重要代表作,集中表現了這樣一種具有神秘美感的“崇高風格”</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"> </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;\">“<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">典范</span>”<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">的意義,在于超脫于現實之外,來自比遙遠更遠處的一種想象和具體意識的抽取,如同歐洲古舊的教堂里那恒久不變的鐘聲,叩擊著感性和理性思想的交融。這幅作品的內涵和情感,恐怕也像它想要表達的意境一般,只存在于遙遠的想象世界了。</span><p></p></span></p><p></p> <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;\">“<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">阿卡迪亞</span>”<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">正如中國晉代文學家陶淵明筆下的桃花源,是一處烏托邦式的“樂土”。從背景延伸向畫面之外的遠處,初看是如此的寧靜和美好:錯落有致的陽光灑落曠野,明麗的云朵和荒疏悠閑的樹木相映成趣,極具層次的美感,再遠處是無邊而明凈的藍天。然而畫面的主體卻讓人迷惑的傳達著似乎不太協調的另一種灰暗的色調。畫面正中安排一座體量巨大的石碑及墳墓,不由陡增了幾分悲涼而沉重的氣氛。再看分布在石碑周圍,身著希臘服飾頭戴花冠的四位牧人:白袍者一手倚杖一手扶碑站立,目光有些許凝重的注視著碑正面的文字,藍袍蓄須者左膝跪地,右手指向碑文,似乎在仔細辨認并朗讀著,紅袍者則佝僂下腰,手指碑卻回頭與一旁的女牧人說著什么。碑文上的文字是:“即使在阿卡迪亞也有我的存在”。這樣的文字,是誰留下又有何意?在這世外桃源為何要有這樣一座肅穆而灰暗的石碑?牧人臉上分明寫著的疑惑,沉重是否要把畫面壓抑到表達一種與這個永生之地不甚協調的惆悵和悲涼?畫面右邊的身著亮色調黃衣藍裙的女子,則是這一切的釋者和畫面的轉折。她微微頷首,雙手從容的放在腰間,那寧靜的聽著碑文的表情分明在傳達著:“阿卡迪亞也有死神的存在啊?那又如何?”霎時間一切積累起來的肅殺,不安和疑惑,在這一抹恰如其分的亮色中得到了釋放和安撫。那便是阿卡迪亞的本來意義:及時也有死神和災難,但這里仍是樂園!整幅畫面充滿了色調的對比,天的晴與陰,光線的明暗表達,男牧人的冷色調與緊張再對比女牧人的暖色調與安詳,無不傳達著一種超脫于現實世界的崇高的思索與探求。這樣一種曠野牧歌式的色彩是悲涼的,壓抑的,卻又明快而有張力,平和而恬靜的</span>—<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">而這樣一種沖突通過畫面表達出來,沒有聲嘶力竭的吶喊,卻又是一種可以觸動人內心,深沉的,慈悲的叩問,無疑能給觀者留下了強烈的震撼和思索。</span><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt;\"><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;\">從現實上看并結合時代背景,這幅畫作似乎也承載了畫家的個人經歷—普桑出身農耕之家,</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";\">學成后他</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">應召回巴黎,為路易十三畫了許多裝飾宮廷的繪畫,但卻招致大臣和宮廷畫師們的嫉恨,終于又回到羅馬</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";\">,而</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">《<span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\">阿卡迪</span>亞的<span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\">牧人</span>》一畫便是</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">1655</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">年在羅馬</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";\">當他甚不得志時</span><span lang=\"ZH-TW\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;\">完成的</span><span lang=\"ZH-CN\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";\">—以及對藝術理想的憧憬。從人物服飾上看繼承了希臘文化為藍本的文藝復興風格,或許在今天的巴黎盧浮宮,這也很是能夠激起路過的游客心中的懷古之情。</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;\"><p></p></span></p>
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